Humanities 1160 9.0The Enlightenment and Human UnderstandingTest 2Monday, January 12, 2015Students should attempt all questions.Question 1. is valued at 50 marks; question 2 is also valued at 50 marks. Successfullyanswering the bonus question will raise your mark on this test by a half grade, for example,from C to C, or from C to B.______________________________________________________________________________1. "And, on the other hand, always when I direct my attention to things which I believe myselfto perceive very clearly and distinctly, I am so persuaded of their truth that I break out intowords such as these: Let who will deceive, He can never cause me to be nothing while I thinkthat I am, or some day cause it to be true to say that I have never been, it being true now tosay that I am, or that two and three make more or less than five, or any such thing in which Isee a manifest contradiction." Meditations, p.60.In this passage and Principal VII, Descartes maintains that the denial of the clear and distinct,for example the Cogito ergo Sum, is self-contradictory. In the lectures, a proof was offered toestablish that the denial of the Cogito ergo Sum, namely, Some thinking things do not exist, isnot logically self-contradictory. Why is the denial of the Cogito ergo Sum not logically selfcontradictory? Furthermore, establish what Descartes does mean when he claims that thedenial of the Cogito ergo Sum is self-contradictory.2. Discuss fully the manner in which Descartes seeks a knowledge of God in the thirdmeditation, in light of the fact that he holds that knowledge of God is a self-evident firstprincipal, obtained through his method of Analysis.Bonus QuestionBoth in the case of the clear and distinct ideas involved in the Cogito ergo Sum and the clearand distinct ideas in mathematics (for example, 2=5), the denial of these claims is selfcontradictory. And, yet, Descartes maintains that, only in the case of the Cogito ergo Sum, isthis sufficient to establish its truth: more is required, including a knowledge of God, before wecan know that mathematics is true. Explain fully why Descartes holds that this is the case.
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