Why the Middle East is Economically Underdeveloped: Historical Mechanisms of Institutional Stagnationhttp://faculty.las.illinois.edu/esfahani/Courses/M…and if you want can read this book for more information if the article is not enoughthere is a book by Ahmet Kuru, Islam, Authoritarianism and Underdevelopment 2019.10 page, double spaced, MLA Format, article and or the book the only sources allowed to be used. No outside sources please.this website